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--- wiki:1745_green_vorwort_general_collection [2025/08/15 05:16] – [VII] norbert
+++ wiki:1745_green_vorwort_general_collection [2025/08/22 02:54] (aktuell) – ↷ Links angepasst weil Seiten im Wiki verschoben wurden 146.174.176.132
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-  * **1745−1747** ''Green, John''\\ //A new general collection of voyages and travels ...//\\ London 1745: Thomas Astley\\ → [[zeitleiste_reisesammlungen|Zeitleiste Reisesammlungen]]
+  * **1745−1747** ''Green, John''\\ //A new general collection of voyages and travels ...//\\ London 1745: Thomas Astley\\ → [[reisesammlungen|Zeitleiste Reisesammlungen]]
 ===== Preface =====
@@ Zeile 89: / Zeile 89: @@
 ===== IX =====
+we have some unexceptionable Authority to guide us such as the Writers of the Country, which the Fact relates
+BUT of all Matters in which the Travellers differ from each other there are none more difficult to settle than those which concern the Names used in distant Countries.
+ It was a principal View in this Design to reduce all such Names of Places, Things and Persons found in Authors of different Nations to the English Orthography and to introduce such an Uniformity through the Work that the same Place should always be found under the same Name in the Text.
+TO oblain the first of these Ends, it is sufficient to be acquainted with the Alphabets or Letters in use with those Nations to whom such Authors belong or in whose Language they have written their Voyages.
+ But it proves exceeding difficult and often impracticable to procure the second End because Travellers of the same Nation frequently write foreign Names different Ways.
+ Whether this happens through Neglect in learning the Names, or else because being forced to invent Characters for want of Letters in their own Language to express Sounds in others they make various Choices or thirdly which is frequently the Case because they copy from Authors of other Nations :
+Whichever  is the Case it follows that if such Names be reduced to the English Idiom there will be just the same Disagreement amongst them as if they had been transcribed without any Alteration.
+ Nor is it possible to bring them to an Uniformity but by knowing how such Names are written or pronounced by the Natives who use them.
+BUT although this Knowledge may be in a good Measure, obtained so far as relates to the Languages of Europe and those of Asia, commonly called the Oriental, and perhaps a few others, yet with respect to those Nation who have no Books nor Characters such as the Inhabitants of Guinea, and most Parts of Africa, as well as all America or whose Books and Characters if they have any are little known to us such as those on the Coast of Malabar, Kormandel, and other Parts of the Indies, it is very difficult to come at the Orthography or true Pronuntiation of their proper or local Names.
+ For these Reasons having been often at a Loss in this Particular, we thought ourselves obliged to retain such uncertain Names in the Text only reducing them to the Propriety of the English Letters rather than make use constantly of one which we were not sure was the genuine Name.
+ON the other Hand when once we have or think we have found out the true Name take Care to use no other in the Text the rest we consign to the Notes.
+ By this Means not only Mistakes if any be committed by us may be rectified and Justice done the respective Authors but the several various Readings of the same Name will be retained which are very necessary to be known by all Geographers and Historians in order to discover the Identity of Places.
+ They likewise furnish very proper Materials for geographical Dictionaries:
+ For unless the various Names under which the same Place occurs in different Authors are to be met with in such Books one cannot always be sure of finding the Place he wants.
+ENOUGH has been said we presume to apologize for the same Name being sometimes Spelt differently in our Abstracts from different Authors.
+ But to remedy this Defect as far as may be we usually insert in the Margin what we conceive to be the true Name at least that which is most commonly in Use and this may account for the Difference which often appears between the Names in the Margin which are generally uniform and those retained in the Text.
+IN reducing the foreign Names (by which we understand those used by Nations who do not use the Roman Character) to the English Idiom we have generally observed the following Rules:
+ First We never employ different Letters to express the same Sound: For this Reason we always use k in Place of c and J Consonant before e and i Vowel instead of G:
+ Except when it is used hard* before those Letters as in gild or we are in Doubt which Way the ...
+* It is always hard in the Dutch, German and other Northern Languages, and soft in the French, Italian and Spanish before e and i.
+===== X =====
+Author used it, in which Case we join the Aspirate, writing gh.
+ We do the same to express gue of the French which we write ghe except in some Names which by other Authors we find to terminate in go as Camalingue we write Kamalingo not Kamalinghe.
+ Secondly, The broad and long a of the French and other Nations like our a in all we express by an a circumflected.
+ When the e is to be founded at the End of Words we mark it with an Accute or Grave:
+ The î stands for double ee, the ô shews that this Letter is to have its natural Sound as in bore:
+ û is equivalent to oo in English and ou in French unless where this last Diphthong stands for w, as it frequently does, the French not having that Letter in their Language.
+WE imploy sh for the French ch and Portugueze x, ch for the French tch, the High Dutch tsch or the Italian c before e or i.
+ The French and German J Consonant we com monly turn into Y and never use this last Letter as a Vowel or at the End of English foreign Names immediately after a Consonant, thus, for Barfally, we write Barfalli.
+ Kh is to be founded gutturally: Dh soft or lisping, like th in the or thou.
+ALTHOUGH we do not pretend, by these Rules in Writing, to reduce foreign Names to their true Sounds, as written or pronounced by the Nations who use them, yet we propose thereby to convey to an English Reader the true Sound, according to the Language of the Author from whence they are taken and to introduce such an Uniformity in the Orthography that there may be no Danger of finding the same Name in different Places written according to the Idiom of several different Nations as is the Case in all other Collections hitherto published, so that the Generality of Readers must take them for so many different Names, it being impossible to know them to be the same, under so great a Change, as the various Ways of writing them occasions*
+ And this Advantage, which our Collection claims above all others, will, we hope, atone for the other orthographical Differences, which, for the Reasons already mentioned, it was not in our Power to remedy
+WITH regard to Cuts and Maps, which in sorting will accompany the Remarks, we shall throw-out all Duplicates and only insert the best of a Kind to be found in the Travellers:
+ For Instance, Herbert, Struys, Gemelli, Chardin, Kæmpfer, and le Bruyn have given Draughts of Persepolis.
+ But to admit those of the first three, would be doing an Injury to the Work, as being either spurious or trifling and to insert those of the last three would be superfluous, since one of them for Instance, le Bruyn's might serve.
+ For the same Reason we reject most of those Cuts representing Prospects, Battles, Sieges, and the like, which generally are the Product of the Painter's Fancy and of Use only to swell the Bulk and Price of Books.
+In the Place of these we insert the Animals and Vegetables with the Habits of the several Nations, where wanting in the Travellers taken from the best Draughts hitherto published.
+IN like Manner, though we shall omit Herbert's Map of the Caspian Sea however inserted in Harris's Collection as well as those of Sandys Tournefort and le Bruyn's Voyages, with the like copied from other faulty Maps, or drawn without any Skill, we shall carefully preserve all Maps and Charts taken by the Travellers on the Spot or copied from those of the Natives:
+ Such as Olearius's Map of the Wolga the Russian Chart of the Caspian Sea and Map of Siberia the Map of Colchis and the Country about Bafrah published in Thevenot's Collection and that of Attica made by Wheeler
+The like we shall do by the Draughts and Plans of Coasts Harbours and Cities found in Cook, Rogers, Frazier, Isbrand Ides and other Authors.
+WHERE several have given Maps of the same Country as those of Egypt, the Delta, or the Nile, published by Lucas, Sicard, and Doctor Pocock, we shall either insert one of them improved from the rest, or else a new Draught made from them all.
+On the other Hand …
+*This for Instance may appear from the Word Shin which a French Author writes Chin a German Schin a Polish Szin an Italian Scin and a Portugueze Xin where
 ...
+XI